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Design, analysis, and neural control of a bionic parallel mechanism
Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2021, Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 468-486 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0640-8
Keywords: neural control behavior network rhythm motion pattern
Bile acids and their effects on diabetes
Cynthia Rajani, Wei Jia
Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 608-623 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0644-x
Keywords: bile acids metabolic memory diabetes circadian rhythm bariatric surgery
Reconstruction and Dynamics of the Human Intestinal Microbiome Observed In Situ Article
Xiaolin Liu, Min Dai, Yue Ma, Na Zhao, Ziyu Wang, Ying Yu, Yakun Xu, Huijie Zhang, Liyuan Xiang, He Tian, Guanghou Shui, Faming Zhang, Jun Wang
Engineering 2022, Volume 15, Issue 8, Pages 89-101 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.015
The human gut microbiome has primarily been studied through the use of fecal samples, a practice that has generated vital knowledge on the composition and functional capacities of gastrointestinal microbial communities. However, this reliance on fecal materials limits the investigation of microbial dynamics in other locations along the gastrointestinal tract (in situ), and the infrequent availability of fecal samples prevents analysis at finer temporal scales (e.g., hours). In our study, we utilized colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing, a technology originally developed for fecal microbiota transplantation, to sample the ileocecal microbiome twice daily; metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses were then conducted on these samples. A total of 43 ileocecal and 28 urine and fecal samples were collected from five healthy volunteers. The ileocecal and fecal microbiomes, as profiled in the five volunteers, were found to be similar in metagenomic profiling, yet their active genes (metatranscriptome) were found to be highly distinct. Both microbiomes were perturbed after laxative exposure; over time, they exhibited reduced dissimilarity to their pre-treatment state, thereby demonstrating resilience as an innate property of the gut microbiome, although they did not fully recover within our observation time window. Sampling of the ileocecal microbiome during the day and at night revealed the existence of diurnal rhythms in a series of bacterial species and functional pathways, particularly those related to short-chain fatty acid production, such as Propionibacterium acnes and coenzyme A biosynthesis II. Autocorrelation analysis and fluctuations decomposition further indicated the significant periodicity of the diurnal oscillations. Metabolomic profiling in the fecal and urine samples mirrored the perturbance and recovery in the gut microbiome, indicating the crucial contribution of the gut microbiome to many key metabolites involved in host health. This study provides novel insights into the human gut microbiome and its inner resilience and diurnal rhythms, as well as the potential consequences of these to the host.
Keywords: Diurnal rhythm Reconstruction Metagenome Metatranscriptome Metabolome Transendoscopic enteral tubing
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